Data items
Represent the main transaction input to the DUT
Adhering to a protocol, consistent values are generated and sent
Examples include packets, transactions, instructions, and so on

Test environment randomizes data items (transactions)
A default distribution should be generated
Tests further steer generation by layering constraints or selecting from pre-defined scenarios
This makes test short, readable, easier to write and maintain

typedef enum {
                READ,
                WRITE
} mem_read_write_enum;

class mem_transfer extends ovm_sequence_item;
    rand mem_read_write_enum read_write;
    rand bit [`ADDR_SIZE-1:0] addr;
    rand bit [`DATA_SIZE-1:0] data;
    rand bit [`DATA_SIZE-1:0] write_enable;
    rand bit chip_enable;

constraint c_addr {
        addr <; 2**`ADDR_WIDTH;
 }
    constraint c_chip_enable {
        chip_enable == 0;
    }

    // Register fields with OVM
    `ovm_object_utils_begin (mem_transfer)
        `ovm_field_int      (addr,           OVM_ALL_ON)
        `ovm_field_int      (data,           OVM_ALL_ON)
`ovm_field_enum     (mem_read_write_enum, read_write,          OVM_ALL_ON)
    `ovm_object_utils_end

    // Class Constructor
    function new (string name="mem_transfer_inst") ;
        super.new (name);
    endfunction : new
endclass : mem_transfer

What kind of operations may be required for such a data item?

1. Customized Randomization
2. Customized Printing
3. Customized Comparing
4. Customized Copying
5. Customized Packing
6. Customized Waveform Dumping

Out of the above features the first feature randomization is provided by system verilog. Rest all the features ovm provides.

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